Rethinking the Normal Vote, the Personal Vote, and the Impact of Legislative Professionalism in US State Legislative Elections

Legislators might rely on their partisan base for electoral supportwhat scholars call their normal voteor they may cultivate support among nonpartisans through casework or constituency servicewhat scholars call a personal vote. Previous research frequently argues that legislators face a tradeoff between pursuing the normal vote and a personal vote as traditionally defined, often focusing on resources used by incumbents to build their personal vote. In contrast, we argue that securing the support of partisans and nonpartisans alike should be evaluated based on how a legislator performs in office, and that the so-called normal and personal vote need not be viewed as in conflict. We evaluate our claims using data from state legislative elections following redistricting, focusing on legislative professionalism to measure the resources available to incumbents that they might use to cultivate a personal note.