Assessing the Long-Term Effectiveness of a Behavioral Health Home for Adults With Bipolar and Psychotic Disorders

Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of a behavioral health home (BHH) to better understand its potential to improve health for individuals with serious mental illness. Methods: Propensity score-weighted interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate service utilization and chronic disease management through 3.5 years after BHH implementation and to compre BHH enrollees (N-413) with other patients with serious mental illness in the same health system (N-1,929). Results: Relative to control group members, BHH patients had an immediate increase in primary care visits (+ 0.18 visits/month), which remained higher throughout follow-up, and an immediate decrease in emergency department visits (-0.031 visits/month). Behavioral health outpatient visits, which were increasing for BHH participants before implementation, began decreasing postimplementation; this decrease (-0.016 visits/month) was significantly larger than for the control group. Inpatient and outpatient visits for general medical health were decreasing over time for both groups before implementation but decreased more slowly for BHH patients postimplementation. Although behavioral health inpatient visits decreased for both groups around the start of the BHH program and remained tower, this initial drop was larger for the non-BHH group. BHH participation was associated with decreases in hemoglobin A1c values but no shift in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. Conclusions: The results reflect the challenges of improving health for patients with serious mental illness, even as access to primary care is increased. Further study is needed about which complex interventions inside and outside of the health care system can help offset the 20- to 30-year mortality gap faced by this population.