Prevalence and Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) among Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Mumbai, India

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women predisposes them to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the causative agent for cervical cancer. The study retrospectively analyzed the data of 291 women living with HIV AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) to assess the prevalence and determinants of the HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The study found a high prevalence of cervical HPV infection (34.4%), CIN I (6.2%), and CIN II+ (8.6%). Participants with HPV DNA positivity are significantly more likely to be aged younger than 35 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-2.69), housewives (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.31-3.99), married at <20 years of age (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.13-3.58), and have been pregnant more than two times (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.08-2.87). Participants with CIN II+ are significantly more likely to be not married (OR = 3.363, 95% CI = 1.302-8.686). Considering the high prevalence of HPV and CIN observed among HIV women, it is worthwhile to integrate cervical cancer awareness programs and screening with routine follow-up of HIV patients at antiretroviral therapy clinic. This susceptible population needs attention to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in the country.