MEASURES TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS IN METALLURGY ACCORDING TO PROCESSES IN BLAST FURNACE

The production of primary metals contributes about 5% to total world greenhouse gas emissions, and of this, iron and steel production accounts for about 70%. Global CO2 emissions increased from 15,3 billion tonnes to 31,5 billion tonnes. This represents an increase of 41% since 1990. For the first time, the share of global CO2 emissions from developing countries is slightly higher (50,3%) than from industrialized countries (46,6%). The iron and steel industry accounts for about 19% of final energy use and about a quarter of direct CO2 emissions from the industry sector. Primary steelmaking is know to be one of the most energy intensive sectors and almost 90% of the production in the chain from ore to steel goes throught the blast furnace route. Many ways have been suggested for suppressing the emission rates from the blast furnace, for example : plastics injection, pulverized coal injection, lowering of the reserve zone temperature and by partially replacing coal by biomass or utilization alternative processes. Pulverized coal injection into an ironmaking blast furnace is a significant technology for economic, operational and environmental reasons, including lowering the consumption rate of expensive coking coals. The possible measures to reduce CO2 emissions in metallurgy include both the introduction of new technologies (direct and smelting reduction) and treatment blast - furnace technology. To assess options to reduce CO2 emissions is needed to process forward prediction and the overall balance of the process.