Hydrogen production via water splitting over graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysis

Photocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts and light irradiation has been attracted much attention and considered to be an alternative for nonrenewable fossil fuel to solve environmental problems and energy crisis and also an as promising approach to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel. Owing to their various advantages such as low cost and environmental friendly, chemical, and thermal stability, appropriate band structure, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4 ) photocatalysts have gained multitudinous attention because of their great potential in solar fuels production and environmental remediation. However, due to its fast charge carrier's recombination, low surface, and limited absorption of the visible light restrict their activity toward hydrogen evolution and numerous modification techniques were applied to solve these problems such as structural modification, metal/nonmetal doping, and noble metal loading, and coupling semiconductors. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of the g-C3N4-based photocatalyst. Several modification methods used to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst were also highlighted. This chapter ends with the future research and challenges of hydrogen production over g-C3N4-based photocatalyst.