A distributed reactivity model for sorption by soils and sediments .10. Relationships between desorption, hysteresis, and the chemical characteristics of organic domains

Phenanthrene sorption and desorption equilibria were measured for 10 natural sorbents having significantly different geological ages and organic matter compositions. Three geologically young peats, one humic acid, three geologically old shales, and samples of kerogen isolated from each of the shares were examined. Elemental analyses and solid-state C-13-NMR spectra reveal that the oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratios of the soil organic matter (SOM) associated with the samples decrease with increased age and, thus, apparently with diagenetic alteration. The sorption affinities of these materials for phenanthrene as well as their respective isotherm nonlinearities and hysteretic behaviors were found to correlate inversely with the O/C atomic ratio; samples containing more physically condensed and chemically reduced SOM matrices exhibited greater solute affinity, more nonlinear sorption equilibria, and more pronounced hysteresis. Observed relationships between the chemical and structural characteristics of associated organic matter and the sorption and desorption behaviors of the samples are captured effectively by the concepts underlying the Dual Reactive Domain Model advanced earlier in this series. This study thus extends that model to include the desorption process, supporting its general applicability for characterizing the overall behavior of soils and sediments with respect to solute uptake and release.