The middle-out approach: assessing models of legal governance in data protection, artificial intelligence, and the Web of Data

被引:26
|
作者
Pagallo, Ugo [1 ]
Casanovas, Pompeu [2 ,3 ]
Madelin, Robert [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Torino, Law Sch, Lungo Dora Siena 100 A, I-10153 Turin, Italy
[2] La Trobe Univ, Law Sch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[3] Univ Autnoma Barcelona, Law & Technol Inst, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain
[4] Fipra Int, Brussels, Belgium
来源
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF LEGISLATION | 2019年 / 7卷 / 01期
关键词
Artificial intelligence; data protection; GDPR; governance; legal design; level of abstraction; middle-out approach; regulatory system; techno-regulation; Web of Data; SYSTEM; HEALTH;
D O I
10.1080/20508840.2019.1664543
中图分类号
D9 [法律]; DF [法律];
学科分类号
0301 ;
摘要
All models of legal governance and most regulatory options have to do with 'top-down' solutions as an essential ingredient of the approach. Such models may include 'bottom-up' forms of self-regulation, such as in forms of ex post regulation, or unenforced self-regulation. This paper focuses on what lies in between such top-down and bottom-up approaches, namely, the middle-out interface of the analysis. Within the EU legal framework, this middle-out layer is mainly associated with forms of co-regulation, as defined by Recital 44 of the 2010 AVMS Directive and Article 5(2) of the GDPR. However, there are also additional models on how we should grasp the middle-out layer of legal regulation, as shown by the debates on the governance of AI and the Web of Data. For example, the debates on issues such as monitored self-regulation, coordination mechanisms for good AI governance, and 'wind-rose' models for the Web of Data make it clear that co-regulation is not the only alternative to both bottom-up and top-down approaches. From a methodological viewpoint, the middle-out approach sheds light on three different kinds of issues that regard (i) how to strike a balance between multiple regulatory systems; (ii) how to align primary and secondary rules of the law; and (iii) how to properly coordinate bottom-up and top-down policy choices. The increasing complexity of technological regulation recommends new models of governance that revolve around this middle-out analytical ground.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 25
页数:25
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