Techniques and support materials for enzyme immobilization using Ugi multicomponent reaction: an overview

Enzymes play a key role in the most prominent chemical industries as biological catalysts. Based on current demands of the chemical industries in enzyme productivity and development, many techniques were utilized to increase their shelf life and activities by immobilization of enzymes. The heterogeneous (immobilized) enzymes provide a reusable catalyst system that is more robust and more stable than free enzymes under various environmental conditions. In this review, we attempt to underscore the applications of Ugi multicomponent reaction (MCR) in the immobilization of enzymes on various organic and inorganic supports such as polymers, carbon allotropes, and inorganic materials. Our study showed that enzymes immobilized via Ugi MCRs show good stabilities and activities. In addition, the biological potentials of the dipeptide structures immobilized by Ugi MCR can emerge as a synergistic effect on the enzyme activities.