Saponins of Marsdenia Tenacissima promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through damaging mitochondria then activating cytochrome C/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathway

Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and the second leading cause of death in cancer patients. There is an urgent need for an effective and less toxic treatment for liver cancer. Saponins of Marsdenia Tenacissima (SMT) as a potential anticancer drug has attracted extensive attention of researchers because of its effective biological activity. The effect of SMT on HepG2 Li-7 and L-02 cells was detected by CCK8 assay. At the same time, the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometer and laser confocal microscope, and the morphological changes of mitochondria were observed under electron microscope. The levels of bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and protein were detected using Western bolt. Finally, BALB/c was subcutaneously injected with H22 cells to form tumors, and SMT was intragastrically injected to detect the size of the transplanted tumor. SMT can induce apoptosis in vitro and reduce the size of transplanted tumor in vivo. Increases the rate of apoptosis through the cytochrome c pathway and regulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that SMT may be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of liver cancer.