Analysis of interaction among the factors affecting delay in construction projects using interpretive structural modelling approach

This article identifies and analyse the critical factors affecting delay in construction projects in India and develops a model based on the mutual interaction of these factors using interpretive structural modelling approach. The article also identifies the 'driving factors' (i.e. the factors that influence the other factors) and the 'dependent factors' (i.e. the factors that are influenced by others) using MICMAC analysis. Twelve factors are identified as the most critical factors affecting delay through literature review and expert opinion. An ISM model is developed, with the help of five experts, (three from industry and two from academia). The findings of ISM suggest that lack of proper construction methodology and sequencing is the root cause (i.e. driving factor) that is causing delay, hence at the bottom of the model. Lack of defined project management plan, lack of proper contracting strategy, inter dependencies and evaluation of the contractor not considered in advance and poor project monitoring, are intermediate causes positioned at the middle of the model. Overlook of design review timelines, shortage of material, poor contract management, conflict between owners and other party, rework due to non-compliance in quality or poor workmanship and poor site management and supervision are the dependent factors getting affecting by level two factors as well have an interrelationship among themselves.