Since 1934, (J.R.Commons) for the first time used the strategic factors in his book which called Institutional Economic; the enterprise strategy theory has developed for nearly a century. Through analyzing the evolution and interpreting the evolution mechanism of enterprise strategy theory, this paper found that firstly strategic theory has extended the reasonable elements in the process of moving, revising even abandoning deviation and mistakes, so it develops in a spiral way; secondly whether they echo with each other or not, all theories are inextricably linked and the process of a theory implies rich dialectical logic, such as against competition and win-win cooperation, strategic vision for inward and outward, which reflected the contradiction and unity of the enterprise strategic theory; thirdly we should look forward, and will find that the tendency of the enterprise strategic theory also contains the ideas of dialectics, such as expansion of strategic space, integration of strategic theory, obfuscation of strategic object, right variety of strategic thinking and nonlinearization of strategic change.