Functional Polymer-Based Nerve Guide Conduits to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Bridging critical-sized defects in peripheral nerves to achieve functional recovery is a challenge for orthopedic and hand surgeons. Inadequate regeneration of peripheral nerve axons often results in long-term partial or total sensory and/or motor impairment. Currently, the best treatment available for long-gap peripheral nerve regeneration is autologous nerve transplantation, while the successful implementation of this approach requires for secondary surgery and donor nerves. The nerve guide conduit (NGC) serves as an alternative to autograft of nerve, as it connects the proximal and distal ends of nerve defects and provides physical and biochemical guidances for axon regeneration. Functionalized NGCs enhance nerve regeneration by providing neuroprotection, antioxidation, vascular regeneration enhancement, and immune regulatory effects. In this review, the authors summarize the latest advances in functional polymer-based NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration and present the perspectives on the development of peripheral NGCs for potential clinical applications.