RETRACTED: Cloning Particle Swarm Optimization with Hybrid Discrete Variables and its Application to Gear Reducer (Retracted Article)

During the iterative process of standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), the premature convergence of particles decreases the algorithm's searching ability. Through analyzing the reason of particle premature convergence during the renewal process, introducing the updating strategy based on cloning technique, cloning particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm with hybrid discrete variables model was proposed, and its program CPSO1.0 with Matlab software was developed. The updating strategy based on cloning algorithm makes the particles of cloning particle swarm optimization (CPSO) maintain the diversity during the iterative process, thus overcomes the defect of premature convergence. Example of gear reducer indicates that compared with the exiting algorithms, CPSO gets the best result, thus certify the improvement of the algorithm's searching ability by cloning mechanism.