Nodes deployment mechanism based on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, devices are required to self-organize themselves into a network without previously established infrastructure. Because device is battery-powered, one of the most important design criteria for this type of network is energy efficiency. Based on two linear traffic models and an extension of energy consumption model of the sensor node, we consider different multi-hop scenarios to compute the energy consumption and energy efficiency of the whole network. Through analyzing these results, we present two valid deployment mechanisms for sensor nodes. The first deployment mechanism is that nodes are deployed with equidistant spacing to minimize whole network's energy consumption. We derive the optimum value for one-hop spacing, which is independent of the physical network topology, the number of transmission sources, and the total transmission distance. It only depends. on the propagation environment and the device parameters. Another deployment mechanism is that nodes are deployed with optimal spacing. We present the formula to calculate the optimal spacing. This mechanism can balance every node's energy consumption and prolong whole network's lifetime. Simulation results show that two deployment mechanisms are good and useful with energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks.