A novel integrated AHP and MULTIMOORA method with interval-valued spherical fuzzy sets and single-valued spherical fuzzy sets to prioritize financial ratios for financial accounting fraud detection

Many studies have used different financial ratios for financial accounting fraud detection. This study focuses on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) for ranking 25 financial ratios with respect to six criteria in detecting financial accounting fraud using interval-valued spherical fuzzy sets (IVSFS) and single-valued spherical fuzzy sets (SVSFS) to overcome uncertainties in decision-making process of financial analysts. This study proposes an integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Objective Optimization by a Ratio Analysis plus the Full Multiplicative Form (MULTIMOORA) approach using IVSFS and SVSFS. Comparative results are obtained and discussed in prioritization of financial ratios for both IVSFS and SVSFS.