A conceptual perspective on the comparison of object-oriented programming languages

The understanding of object-oriented programming languages is generally based on their included features. In this understanding, these features form the underlying concepts of both the languages and the modeling processes based on the languages. Consequently, object-oriented languages are generally compared and evaluated based on these features. Alternatively, object-oriented programming languages may be seen as supporting a conceptual perspective on programming. Instead of the features, the underlying concepts are then concepts such as phenomenon and concept, and also the abstraction processes in relation to these concepts. A comparison of object-oriented languages from the conceptual perspective gives additional understanding of each language and the mutual relations and differences between these.