In-hospital mortality risk score for very old patients hospitalized with decompensated chronic heart failure

Objective To derive a risk score to predict in-hospital mortality for very old patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (DCHF). Methodology Retrospective cohort study that included patients >= 80 years admitted to a Geriatric Acute Care Unit with DCHF between January 2012 and December 2014. We analyzed 70 candidate risk factors and in-hospital mortality. We derived a risk model using multivariate logistic regression model and constructed a scale for scoring risk. We used bootstrapping techniques for the internal validation. Results We included 629 patients with mean age of 90 (SD5) years, 470 (73.1%) being women. Eighty-six (13.7%) patients died during the hospitalization. Factors included in the final risk model were NYHA class III-IV, severe functional dependence (Katz activities of daily living index <2), infection as cause of exacerbation of heart failure, number of medications >= 8, albumin < 3 mg/dL, glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min, level of potassium in blood > 5.5 mEq/L and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) > 17%. In-hospital mortality in risk groups was 3.0, 4.6, 9.5, 15.1 and 36.3%, respectively. The area under ROC curve risk for score after bootstrapping was 0.77 (95%: CI 0.70-0.83). Conclusion This risk score could be useful for stratifying risk for in-hospital mortality among very old patients admitted to hospital for DCHF.