An electrochemical model was developed to compare the use of internal and external reference electrodes for the study of lithium-ion cells. The impact of reference electrode placement on electrode measurements was examined using idealized reference electrodes in cells undergoing short-duration pulse currents. The effectiveness of internal reference electrodes with finite size and impedance was also examined. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Yardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United StatesYardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United States
Santee, Stuart
Ravdel, Boris
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Yardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United StatesYardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United States
Ravdel, Boris
Gulbinska, Malgorzata
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Yardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United StatesYardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United States
Gulbinska, Malgorzata
Gnanaraj, Joseph
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Yardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United StatesYardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United States
Gnanaraj, Joseph
Dicarlo, Joseph
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BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex/Essex Turnpike, Iselin,NJ,08830-0770, United StatesYardney Technical Products Inc, 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich,AZ,02818-1530, United States
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Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Drees, Robin
Herdegen, Justin
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Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Herdegen, Justin
Lienesch, Frank
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Phys Tech Bundesanstalt PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, GermanyTech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Lienesch, Frank
Kurrat, Michael
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Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Elenia Inst High Voltage Technol & Power Syst, Schleinitzstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Kaiser, Joerg
Wenzel, Valentin
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Mech Verfahrenstech & Mech, Bereich Verfahrenstech Maschinen, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Wenzel, Valentin
Nirschl, Hermann
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Mech Verfahrenstech & Mech, Bereich Verfahrenstech Maschinen, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Nirschl, Hermann
Bitsch, Boris
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Mech Verfahrenstech & Mech, Bereich Angew Mech, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Bitsch, Boris
Willenbacher, Norbert
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Mech Verfahrenstech & Mech, Bereich Angew Mech, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Willenbacher, Norbert
Baunach, Michael
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Baunach, Michael
Schmitt, Marcel
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Schmitt, Marcel
Jaiser, Stefan
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Jaiser, Stefan
Scharfer, Philip
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany
Scharfer, Philip
Schabel, Wilhelm
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Karlsruher Inst Technol, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruher Inst Technol, Projekt Competence E, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany