Energy-Related Carbon Emissions in Shanghai: Driving Forces and Reducing Strategies

This paper calculated the energy-related carbon emissions from production, household and energy transformation sectors in Shanghai and decomposed the effects of their changes in carbon emissions resulting from 11 causal factors of reflecting the changes in socioeconomic activity, intensity of energy and the structure by logarithmic mean divisia index. The results show that the changes of economic activity (EA), population size (PS), total energy consumption in transformation and energy consumption per capita (ECPC) increase CO2 emissions obviously. The changes of energy intensity (EI), urban and rural population distribution structure, energy mix of household and mix of energy in transformation drive the decrease of CO2 emissions. The changes of economic structure (ES), energy mix of production, and energy transformation structure (ETS) can't increase or decreased CO2 emissions continuously in 3 periods respectively. Therefore, adjusting ES, ETS, energy mix of transformation and decreasing the EI of each production sector will be the main routes to reduce CO2 emissions. Developing clean energy to substitute fossil energy and enforcement of carbon capture will be necessary in the future.