Closed-loop supply chain models of lithium-ion battery considering corporate social responsibility

How to achieve harmonious development of economy, society, and environment, and scholars focus on closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) under corporate social responsibility (CSR). This paper focuses on the CLSC of lithium-ion battery (LIB) and explores the impact of CSR on the total profit of the CLSC. We propose a CLSC of LIB consisting of a manufacturer, a retailer, and a third-party recycler and develop a centralized decision-making model and two decentralized decision-making models for this problem. The results show that (1) total profit of the CLSC will be increased under CSR. (2) Consumers will pay attention to members that undertake CSR and thus influence the CLSC. (3) Profit sharing contracts increase the total profit of the CLSC in coordination. Verify the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the coordination mechanism by numerical analysis. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.