Joint encryption and authentication in hybrid domains with hidden double random-phase encoding

Double random-phase encoding (DRPE) has widely used in image encryption and authentication schemes for image privacy and integrity protection. However, most of these schemes cannot ensure the balanced performance of security, robustness, and running efficiency. To solve this issue, a joint encryption and authentication scheme based on DRPE and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. The phase information of the secret image is generated by exploiting DRPE and quantized into a binary type to produce the hidden authentication bits. The cover image is transformed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to obtain the coefficient sub-bands. The sub-band HH is used for SVD embedding to optimize perceptual transparency and robustness constraints. The sub-band LL that contains the approximate details of the cover image is permuted for security enhancement. The final encrypted hidden image is produced after diffusion is applied to the permuted hidden image. Security is ensured in this scheme by combining the permutation and diffusion in hybrid domains and an additional layer of authentication due to DRPE. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness in security and robustness.