Analysis of Predictors Affecting Biomechanical Function of the Knee Joint and Its Relation to Anterior Knee Pain

Background: Anterior knee pain is the most common problem in the young and sporting population. Quadriceps femoris angle and condylar distance are tools to assess the bio-mechanical function of the knee joint. The aim of this research was to give comparative data of quadriceps femoris angle and condylar distance in the Indian population (sedentary/sportsperson). The study also aims to know which parameter (condylar distance/quadriceps angle) is the better predictor for knee pain in the young Indian population. Materials and methods: This study was composed of a total of 130 individuals suffering from anterior knee pain which was divided into two categories; Sedentary and sportsperson. Each category consisted of 65 individuals. Q angle (goniometric method) and condylar distance (manual caliper) of each participant were calculated. A comparison of body parameters was done by independent t-test. Comparison between the two parameters (condylar distance and quadriceps angle) was done to know which is the better predictor of anterior knee pain. Results: Statistically significant sexual variation (p<0.05) was observed in both quadriceps angle and condylar distance in sedentary and sportsperson groups. Females had a higher value of Q angle than males (p<0.05). The difference in quadriceps angle was statistically significant (p<0.05) between sedentary and sportsperson groups. Cohen's kappa coefficient of Q angle was 0.72 while that of bi-condylar distance was 0.49. Conclusion: Q angle is a better indicator for anterior knee pain than condylar distance. Females in either category; sedentary and sportsperson, had higher Q angle in comparison to males making them more susceptible to disorders of the patellofemoral joint. Hence, encouragement and awareness are needed not only to carry out periodic screening of the susceptible population but also to emphasize its usage in clinical practice and the prognosis of the affected individual after treatment.