Modelling of crack closure for finite-element analysis of structural concrete

An existing finite element (FE) model of structural concrete is extended so as to also allow for crack closure in localized regions of a structure. The model is used to study the behaviour of structural concrete members under various types of loading, encompassing both proportional and sequential loadings. The analysis is found to yield a close fit to experimental values, and to confirm the view that, while neglecting crack closure has a negligible effect on the predicted behaviour of structural concrete under proportional loading, sequential loading usually requires a proper allowance of crack closure if sensible analytical predictions are to be achieved. Moreover, the results support experimental findings which indicate that compliance with the earthquake-resistant design clauses of the Greek version of the new European code of practice may, in fact, cause, rather than safeguard against, brittle types of failure. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.