Internally Mixed Sea Salt, Soot, and Sulfates at Macao, a Coastal City in South China

被引:39
|
作者
Li, Weijun [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Shao, Longyi [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Shen, Rongrong [2 ,5 ]
Yang, Shusheng [6 ]
Wang, Zhishi [7 ]
Tang, Uwa [7 ]
机构
[1] Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China
[2] China Univ Min & Technol, State Key Lab Coal Resources & Safe Min, Dept Resources & Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China
[3] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA
[4] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA
[5] China Univ Min & Technol, Coll Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China
[6] Zhongyuan Univ Technol, Sch Energy & Environm, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China
[7] Univ Macao, Fac Sci & Technol, Taipa, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
AEROSOL-PARTICLES; HYGROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MIXING STATE; DUST; SIZE;
D O I
10.1080/10473289.2011.603996
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Direct observation of the mixing state of aerosol particles in a coastal urban city is critical to understand atmospheric processing and hygroscopic growth in humid air. Morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles from Macao, located south of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and 100 km west of Hong Kong, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (TEM/EDX). SEM images show that soot and roughly spherical particles are prevalent in the samples. Based on the compositions of individual aerosol particles, aerosol particles with roughly spherical shape are classified into coarse Na-rich and fine S-rich particles. TEM/EDX indicates that each Na-rich particle consists of a Na-S core and NaNO3 shell. Even in the absence of heavy pollution, the marine sea salt particles were completely depleted in chloride, and Na-related sulfates and nitrates were enriched in Macao air. The reason could be that SO2 from the polluted PRD and ships in the South China Sea and NO2 from vehicles in the city sped up the chlorine depletion in sea salt through heterogeneous reactions. Fresh soot particles from vehicular emissions mainly occur near curbside. However, there are many aged soot particles in the sampling site surrounded by main roads 200 to 400 m away, suggesting that the fresh soot likely underwent a quick aging. Overall, secondary nitrates and sulfates internally mixed with soot and sea salt particles can totally change their surface hygroscopicity in coastal cities.
引用
收藏
页码:1166 / 1173
页数:8
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