Examination with the Health Belief Model of Women's Attitudes to Cervical Cancer and Early Diagnosis in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Objective: The study was planned with the purpose of examining women's attitude to the health belief model, and their attitudes and behavior towards cervical cancer and early diagnosis. Materials and methods: The qualitative (case-study) method was used in this study. Data were collected between October 2010 and November 2010 using a purposive sampling method for qualitative research. The study sample constituted from 11 women being treated at two clinics, between the ages of 15 and 49, who were married, and who had not previously had a pap-smear test. Data collection tool consist of two parts that are an "Information Form" identifying women and semi-structured "Interview Form". Interviews were done face to face by using in-depth interviews technique. Semi-structured interview was recorded in audio recording device. Content analysis method was used to assess the data. Results: Awareness is insufficient that of women about cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis, there is less fear of cervical cancer. Information of women is inadequate about early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer and there are various barriers about early detection and prevention. According to content analysis, three main themes emerge. These are the themes of belief, knowledge and barriers. Conclusions: It became clear from interviews carried out in line with the health belief model why women did not exhibit positive health behavior. It is recommended that this study should be repeated in other parts of Turkey. In addition, this study can serve as a guide to quantitative studies in wider communities.