Spatial location patterns of Spanish manufacturing firms

In this paper, we evaluate the spatial location patterns of Spanish manufacturing firms in each industry. We use a distance-based method, Ripley's K function, which allows us to treat space as continuous. With complete spatial randomness as benchmark, every sector presents significant concentration whatever the distance considered. If we use the locations of all manufacturing firms as a benchmark, we find dispersion in some sectors and concentration in others, finding also differences in the spatial scale at which clustering occurs. Finally, the use of cities as a benchmark reveals that not only is first nature among the location determinants of manufacturing firms but they also include the self-reinforcing advantages of second nature.