Interleukin-1β with learning and memory

Interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1 beta) is one of the first cytokines ever described. It has long been recognized to play an important role in mediating inflammation and orchestrating the physiological and behavioral adjustments that occur during sickness. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that IL-1 beta also adversely affects cognitive function. Nevertheless, there are also some reports showing no effects or even beneficial effects of IL-1 beta on learning and memory. The relationship between IL-1 beta and cognitive impairment has not been clearly elucidated. Here we reviewed the evidence of both negative and positive effects of IL-1 beta on learning and memory, and the key factors that may affect the effects of IL-1 beta on learning and memory were discussed.