Human Liver Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Kidney Fibrosis by Interfering with the β-Catenin Pathway through miR29b

Human liver stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (HLSC-EVs) exhibit therapeutic properties in various pre-clinical models of kidney injury. We previously reported an overall improvement in kidney function following treatment with HLSC-EVs in a model of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Here, we provide evidence that HLSC-EVs exert anti-fibrotic effects by interfering with beta-catenin signalling. A mouse model of AAN and an in vitro pro-fibrotic model were used. The beta-catenin mRNA and protein expression, together with the pro-fibrotic markers alpha-SMA and collagen 1, were evaluated in vivo and in vitro following treatment with HLSC-EVs. Expression and functional analysis of miR29b was performed in vitro following HLSC-EV treatments through loss-of-function experiments. Results showed that expression of beta-catenin was amplified both in vivo and in vitro, and beta-catenin gene silencing in fibroblasts prevented AA-induced up-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes, revealing that beta-catenin is an important factor in fibroblast activation. Treatment with HLSC-EVs caused increased expression of miR29b, which was significantly inhibited in the presence of alpha-amanitin. The suppression of the miR29b function with a selective inhibitor abolished the anti-fibrotic effects of HLSC-EVs, resulting in the up-regulation of beta-catenin and pro-fibrotic alpha-Sma and collagen type 1 genes. Together, these data suggest a novel HLSC-EV-dependent regulatory mechanism in which beta-catenin is down regulated by HLSC-EVs-induced miR29b expression.