The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study

被引：93

作者：

De Bolle, Marleen ^{[1
]}

De Fruyt, Filip ^{[1
]}

McCrae, Robert R.

Loeckenhoff, Corinna E. ^{[2
]}

Costa, Paul T., Jr. ^{[3
]}

Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E. ^{[4
]}

Ahn, Chang-kyu ^{[5
]}

Ahn, Hyun-nie ^{[6
]}

Alcalay, Lidia ^{[7
]}

Allik, Jueri ^{[8
,9
]}

Avdeyeva, Tatyana V. ^{[10
]}

Bratko, Denis ^{[11
]}

Brunner-Sciarra, Marina ^{[12
]}

Cain, Thomas R. ^{[13
]}

Chan, Wayne ^{[14
]}

Chittcharat, Niyada ^{[15
]}

Crawford, Jarret T. ^{[16
]}

Fehr, Ryan ^{[17
]}

Fickova, Emlia ^{[18
]}

Gelfand, Michele J. ^{[19
]}

Graf, Sylvie ^{[20
]}

Gulgoz, Sami ^{[21
]}

Hrebickova, Martina ^{[20
]}

Jussim, Lee ^{[14
,22
]}

Klinkosz, Waldemar ^{[23
]}

Knezevic, Goran ^{[24
]}

Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora ^{[25
]}

Lima, Margarida P. ^{[26
]}

Martin, Thomas A. ^{[27
]}

Marusic, Iris ^{[28
]}

Mastor, Khairul Anwar ^{[29
]}

Nakazato, Katsuharu ^{[30
]}

Nansubuga, Florence ^{[31
]}

Porrata, Jose

Puric, Danka ^{[24
]}

Realo, Anu ^{[8
]}

Reategui, Norma ^{[32
]}

Rolland, Jean-Pierre ^{[33
]}

Schmidt, Vanina ^{[25
]}

Sekowski, Andrzej ^{[23
]}

Shakespeare-Finch, Jane ^{[34
]}

Shimonaka, Yoshiko ^{[35
]}

Simonetti, Franco ^{[7
]}

Siuta, Jerzy ^{[36
]}

Szmigielska, Barbara ^{[36
]}

Vanno, Vitanya ^{[15
]}

Wang, Lei ^{[37
]}

Yik, Michelle ^{[38
]}

Terracciano, Antonio ^{[39
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Ghent, Dept Develomental Personal & Social Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[2] Cornell Univ, Dept Human Dev, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[3] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA

[4] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Psychol, Madrid, Spain

[5] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Educ, Seoul, South Korea

[6] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Psychol, Seoul, South Korea

[7] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Psicol, Santiago, Chile

[8] Univ Tartu, Dept Psychol, Tartu, Estonia

[9] Estonian Acad Sci, Tartu, Estonia

[10] Univ St Thomas, Grad Sch Profess Psychol, St Paul, MN USA

[11] Univ Zagreb, Dept Psychol, Zagreb 41000, Croatia

[12] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Inst Med Genet, Lima, Peru

[13] Hampshire Coll, Sch Cognit Sci, Amherst, MA USA

[14] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, St Petersburg, Russia

[15] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Dept Psychol, Bangkok, Thailand

[16] Coll New Jersey, Dept Psychol, New Brunswick, NJ USA

[17] Univ Washington, Foster Sch Business, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[18] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Psychol, Bratislava, Slovakia

[19] Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD USA

[20] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Psychol, Prague, Czech Republic

[21] Koc Univ, Coll Social Sci & Humanities, Koc, Turkey

[22] Stanford Univ, Ctr Adv Study Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[23] John Paul II Catholic Univ Lublin, Dept Psychol, Lublin, Poland

[24] Univ Belgrade, Dept Psychol, Belgrade 11001, Serbia

[25] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Psychol, Res Inst, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[26] Univ Coimbra, Res Ctr Study & Cognit Behav Intervent, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal

[27] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Philosophy Relig & Class Studies, Selinsgrove, PA USA

[28] Inst Social Res Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

[29] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia

[30] Tokyo Univ Social Welf, Fac Social Welf, Tokyo, Japan

[31] Makerere Univ, Inst Psychol, Kampala, Uganda

[32] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Psychol, Lima, Peru

[33] Univ Paris Ouest Nanterre La Def, Dept Psychol Sci, Nanterre, France

[34] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Psychol & Counselling, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia

[35] Bunkyo Gakuin Univ, Dept Human Studies, Tokyo, Japan

[36] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Psychol, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland

[37] Peking Univ, Dept Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China

[38] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Social Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

[39] Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Geriatr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | 2015年 / 108卷 / 01期

关键词：

personality; sex differences; adolescence; cross-cultural; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PUBERTAL STATUS; DEPRESSION; VALIDITY; CHILDREN; BIG-5; SELF; AGE; METAANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE;

D O I：

10.1037/a0038497

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学];

学科分类号：

04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed.

引用

页码：171 / 185

页数：15

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