Ultrafilters and dialyzers for on-line processes

The on-line preparation of ultrapure dialysate or substitution fluid is important for modern renal replacement therapies. Special designed membrane ultrafilters were developed to realise high permeability for water as well as high retention of bacteria and bacteria-derived products/endotoxins by simultaneous adsorption and size exclusion. A three-step ultrafiltration process guarantees safe preparation of substitution fluid. On-line therapy enables biocompatible treatment modalities and high blood clearances by convective removal of high-molecular-weight molecules.