Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Prospects for the Cancer Therapy

被引:14
|
作者
Fasano, Rossella [1 ]
Shadbad, Mahdi Abdoli [2 ]
Brunetti, Oronzo [1 ]
Argentiero, Antonella [1 ]
Calabrese, Angela [3 ]
Nardulli, Patrizia [4 ]
Calbi, Roberto [5 ]
Baradaran, Behzad [6 ,7 ]
Silvestris, Nicola [1 ,8 ]
机构
[1] IRCCS Ist Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Med Oncol Unit, I-70124 Bari, Italy
[2] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
[3] IRCCS Ist Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Radiol Unit, I-70124 Bari, Italy
[4] IRCCS Ist Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Pharm Unit, I-70124 Bari, Italy
[5] Hosp Miulli, Operat Unit Radiol, I-70021 Acquaviva Delle Fonti, Italy
[6] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Immunol Res Ctr, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
[7] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Immunol, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
[8] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Biomed Sci & Human Oncol, I-70124 Bari, Italy
来源
LIFE-BASEL | 2021年 / 11卷 / 12期
关键词
hepatocellular carcinoma; tumor microenvironment; immune cells; immunotherapy; single-cell sequencing; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; TUMOR-ASSOCIATED NEUTROPHILS; DENDRITIC CELLS; POOR-PROGNOSIS; SUPPRESSOR-CELLS; IMMUNE SUPPRESSION; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; OPEN-LABEL;
D O I
10.3390/life11121355
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC patients may benefit from liver transplantation, hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and targeted therapies. The increased infiltration of immunosuppressive immune cells and the elevated expression of immunosuppressive factors in the HCC microenvironment are the main culprits of the immunosuppressive nature of the HCC milieu. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can substantially attenuate antitumoral immune responses and facilitate the immune evasion of tumoral cells. Immunotherapy is an innovative treatment method that has been promising in treating HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and cell-based (primarily dendritic cells) and non-cell-based vaccines are the most common immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC treatment. However, these therapeutic approaches have not generally induced robust antitumoral responses in clinical settings. To answer to this, growing evidence has characterized immune cell populations and delineated intercellular cross-talk using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies. This review aims to discuss the various types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and highlight their roles in HCC development. Besides, we discuss the recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches for treating HCC, e.g., ICIs, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, non-cell-based vaccines, oncolytic viruses (OVs), and ACT. Finally, we discuss the potentiality of scRNA-seq to improve the response rate of HCC patients to immunotherapeutic approaches.
引用
收藏
页数:25
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