The Culture of Collection: On Museum Initiatives in 18th Century Transylvania

The present research study that pertains to the more general topic of the culture of collection is an attempt to analyze some early initiatives to create museum collections in 18(th) century Transylvania. Such initiatives originated in the European paradigm of cultural and intellectual options that were centered on the Latin phrase "antiquitas et curiositas." In the 18(th) century the museums became depositories of both scientific knowledge (history archeology nature studies) and of options for beauty, for artistic (imaginary) transfigurations of the world, man and nature (paintings, sculptures, engravings). The museums are expressions of an encyclopedic spirit in the field of knowledge but at the same time they articulate, the sensitivity and fondness for the artistic and natural beauty After setting forth these theoretical premises the study describes the typological diversity of the Transylvanian museums represented by: school, ecclesiastic and private museums, a fact that illustrates the convergences and compatibilities of a regional culture with the European culture. The Brukenthal Museum of Sibiu is a distinctive example within this typology as it became a prestigious institution with a large audience in the European public and cultural environment.