Effects of ordering of an ensemble of disperse particles in a weak field of substrate elastic stresses during condensation from the vapor phase under sharply nonequilibrium conditions

This paper presents the results obtained in studying the properties and formation of film systems produced by condensation in a vacuum from the vapor phase onto a substrate cooled with liquid nitrogen (under sharply nonequilibrium conditions). The studies were performed by electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and current-voltage and capacity-voltage characteristic measurements. The model materials were cadmium telluride and sulfide powders. The use of sharply nonequilibrium conditions allowed oriented layers to be grown on substrates cooled to negative (Celsius scale) temperatures. The conditions of the formation of oriented layers correlated with the properties of substrate materials. The structure of a particular system could be intentionally changed from epitaxial to amorphous and from homogeneous to heterogeneous by varying sharply nonequilibrium conditions of its growth. Heterosystems with two stable states whose conductivities differed by several orders of magnitude could be produced under sharply nonequilibrium conditions. The results were interpreted based on the soliton model of heteroepitaxy.