Circulating CTRP9 levels are increased in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and correlated with insulin resistance

Aims: C1q/TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) is a novel adipokine that has been shown to promote lipid metabolism, enhance insulin sensitivity and protect against cardiovascular disease. However, previous studies in humans have produced controversial results regarding the association between CTRP9 and insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between CTRP9 and insulin resistance in Chinese population. Methods: Subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 108), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 92), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM, n = 106) were recruited to determining the circulating CTRP9 and adiponectin levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements related to insulin resistance, adiposity and lipid profile were examined for all participants. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in healthy subjects (17 male and 17 female). Results: Circulating CTRP9 level was significantly higher in both IGTand nT2DM than in individuals with NGT. Overweight/obese subjects had much higher CTRP9 levels than lean individuals, and in all subjects, females also had higher CTRP9 levels than males. In addition, circulating CTRP9 level was positively correlated with markers of obesity and insulin resistance, including body mass index, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, while was inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin. Moreover, hyperglycemia during an oral glucose challenge increased circulating CTRP9 concentrations. Conclusions: We conclude that CTRP9 was strongly associated with insulin resistance, suggesting that CTRP9 might be important in the development of type 2 diabetes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.