Soticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor, reduces seizures and premature death in Dravet syndrome mice

Objective Dravet syndrome is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) most often caused by de novo pathogenic variants in SCN1A. Individuals with Dravet syndrome rarely achieve seizure control and have significantly elevated risk for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Heterozygous deletion of Scn1a in mice (Scn1a(+/-)) recapitulates several core phenotypes, including temperature-dependent and spontaneous seizures, SUDEP, and behavioral abnormalities. Furthermore, Scn1a(+/-) mice exhibit a similar clinical response to standard anticonvulsants. Cholesterol 24-hydroxlase (CH24H) is a brain-specific enzyme responsible for cholesterol catabolism. Recent research has indicated the therapeutic potential of CH24H inhibition for diseases associated with neural excitation, including seizures. Methods In this study, the novel compound soticlestat, a CH24H inhibitor, was administered to Scn1a(+/-) mice to investigate its ability to improve Dravet-like phenotypes in this preclinical model. Results Soticlestat treatment reduced seizure burden, protected against hyperthermia-induced seizures, and completely prevented SUDEP in Scn1a(+/-) mice. Video-electroencephalography (EEG) analysis confirmed the ability of soticlestat to reduce occurrence of electroclinical seizures. Significance This study demonstrates that soticlestat-mediated inhibition of CH24H provides therapeutic benefit for the treatment of Dravet syndrome in mice and has the potential for treatment of DEEs.