Energy-Efficient Base Station Cooperation in Downlink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) are to be deployed for future wireless communication to meet the ever-increasing mobile traffic demand. However, the dense and random deployment of small cells and their uncoordinated operation raise important concerns about energy efficiency. In this paper, we consider the base station (BS) cooperation solution for improving energy efficiency of the HetNets where BSs from each tier within the cooperative cluster jointly transmit the same data to a typical user. Firstly, based on the proposed clustering model, we precisely derive the ergodic rate expression using tools from stochastic geometry. Furthermore, we formulate a power minimization problem with minimum ergodic rate constraint and derive a closed-form approximated result of the optimal cooperative radii. Building upon these results, we could effectively address the problem how to design appropriate cooperative radii, taking into account the trade-off of ergodic rate and energy efficiency. Simulation results also indicate that under the proposed clustering model, deploying a two-tier HetNet is more energy-saving compared to a macro-only network.