Design of a Reconfigurable Antenna with Fractal Geometry

The paper proposes design of a reconfigurable antenna incorporating Fractal Geometry. Sierpinski fractal geometry is implemented on a conventional Bow Tie Antenna to obtain a multiband response. In order to achieve reconfigurability, varactor diode has been used. Instead of using a plane uniform ground, Defected Ground Structure (DGS) has been used to improve radiation in the front direction. A comparison has been done to show the advantages of DGS. An evaluation of different parameters of traditional Bow Tie Antenna and Fractal Bow Tie Antenna has been presented to study the effects of Fractal geometry. The fractal geometry used not only lends a multiband characteristic to the proposed antenna, but also provides improved directivity, higher gain, etc. The results of the fabricated antenna conform to the simulated results by demonstration of single and multiband responses, which can be tuned to different configurations by varying the voltage across the varactor diodes.