Research science, regulatory science, and nutrient databases: achieving an optimal convergence

The compelling practical applications of nutrient databases, and the technical challenges in their development, often divert attention from their underlying research basis. Nutrient databases are, in fact, the publications of research projects that draw on the methodology of analytical chemistry, sampling statistics, and information technology in order to answer a core question: "What is the nutrient content of the food supply?" The responsibility for addressing this question, and for conducting the ensuing research, is typically assigned to governmental entities, especially for databases that are reflective of national food supplies. This responsibility reflects the key role of nutrient data in public health decision-making. At their best, nutrient databases can represent an optimal convergence of the characteristics of both "research science," which seeks to increase knowledge of natural phenomena and processes, and "regulatory science," which provides the knowledge base needed for policy-making and other government work. These two categories of research have many commonalities, such as their scientific methodology, even though they differ in their sites of performance and affiliated institutions, their operational procedures, and their standards of accountability. A good example of this convergence is found in the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program and its various ancillary projects (databases on fluoride, choline, phytonutrients, Native American/Alaska Native foods, commodity foods, and dietary supplements). Confirmed validity of the findings, enhanced trust in the results, strengthened political and public support, and funding that underwrites the capacity for high scientific standards, are all potential benefits of acknowledging the simultaneous research and regulatory science aspects of nutrient databases.