The problem of the most vulnerable children is a big problem for the harmonious development of the society. The government and public people are trying their best to solve the difficult problem how to effectively aid the most vulnerable children, and protect the legitimate rights of children, so that they can grow up healthy and happily. At present, the institutionalized rescuing services are the main services for the most vulnerable children in our country, which supplemented by the community rescue services. Although having got some effects, there are still a lot of problems. This article takes the perspective of the best interests for children, and the theory of community governance and action research as the theoretical foundation. Starting from the community working methods, the author used literature, interview and case study to research the community-based rescue and protection system for the most vulnerable children. By studying the case of Yulin East Road community rescue and protection system for the most vulnerable children in Chengdu, the author summarized the experiences, analyzed the problems and the causes in the system. Finally, the author put forward corresponding countermeasures for the problems, including: constantly improve the standard of the rescue and protection service, expand the scope, and strengthen external support, and the author also analyzed the meanings and possibilities of popularizing the rescue and protection system for the most vulnerable children in Yulin East Road Community.