SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY/PLATEAU DE BURE INTERFEROMETER MULTIPLE LINE OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEARBY SEYFERT 2 GALAXY NGC 1068: SHOCK-RELATED GAS KINEMATICS AND HEATING IN THE CENTRAL 100 pc?

被引：96

作者：

Krips, M. ^{[1
]}

Martin, S. ^{[2
]}

Eckart, A. ^{[3
]}

Neri, R. ^{[1
]}

Garcia-Burillo, S. ^{[4
]}

Matsushita, S. ^{[5
,6
]}

Peck, A. ^{[6
,7
]}

Stoklasova, I. ^{[8
]}

Petitpas, G. ^{[9
]}

Usero, A. ^{[4
]}

Combes, F. ^{[10
]}

Schinnerer, E. ^{[11
]}

Humphreys, L. ^{[12
]}

Baker, A. J. ^{[13
]}

机构：

[1] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France

[2] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile

[3] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany

[4] Observ Madrid, OAN, Madrid 28014, Spain

[5] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

[6] Joint ALMA Observ, Joint ALMA Off, Santiago 19, Chile

[7] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA

[8] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, Vvi, Prague 14131, Czech Republic

[9] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[10] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France

[11] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[12] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[13] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 736卷 / 01期

关键词：

galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (NGC 1068); galaxies: ISM; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: Seyfert; radio continuum: galaxies; radio lines: galaxies; submillimeter: galaxies; DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; RADIO STRUCTURE; STAR-FORMATION; CENTRAL ENGINE; NGC-1068; STARBURST; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; DISK;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/37

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present high angular resolution (0.'' 5-2.'' 0) observations of the millimeter continuum and the (CO)-C-12(J = 3-2), (CO)-C-13(J = 3-2), (CO)-C-13(J = 2-1), (CO)-O-18(J = 2-1), HCN(J = 3-2), HCO+(J = 4-3), and HCO+(J = 3-2) line emission in the circumnuclear disk (r less than or similar to 100 pc) of the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, carried out with the Submillimeter Array. We also include in our analysis new (CO)-C-13(J = 1-0) and improved (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) observations of NGC 1068 at high angular resolution (1.'' 0-2.'' 0) and sensitivity, conducted with the Institute de Radioastronomie Millimetrique Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Based on the complex dynamics of the molecular gas emission indicating non-circular motions in the central similar to 100 pc, we propose a scenario in which part of the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068 is blown radially outward as a result of shocks. This shock scenario is further supported by quite warm (T-kin >= 200 K) and dense (n(H-2) similar or equal to 10(4) cm(-3)) gas constrained from observed molecular line ratios. The HCN abundance in the circumnuclear disk is found to be [HCN]/[(CO)-C-12] approximate to 10(-3.5). This is slightly higher than the abundances derived for Galactic and extragalactic star-forming/starbursting regions. This result lends further support to X-ray-enhanced HCN formation in the circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068 as suggested by earlier studies. The HCO+ abundance ([HCO+]/[(CO)-C-12] approximate to 10(-5)) appears to be somewhat lower than that of Galactic and extragalactic star-forming/starbursting regions. When trying to fit the centimeter-to-millimeter continuum emission by different thermal and non-thermal processes, it appears that electron-scattered synchrotron emission yields the best results while thermal free-free emission seems to overpredict the millimeter continuum emission.

引用

页数：27