3GPP LTE: The Relevance of Interworking

The evolution of digital mobile technology which began from GSM has been very rapid. This evolution is characterized by significant advancements in spectral efficiency, network architectures, data rates, modulation techniques and other parameters. Providing striking advantages, the most recent result of this evolution is Long Term Evolution (LTE), developed by 3GPP otherwise termed 4G. Widespread adoption of LTE technology begins with interworking (and co-existing) with previously existing access technologies. Interworking ensures seamless connectivity and also enables roaming. This paper provides an overview of LTE interacting with former 3GPP access technologies. Also discussed, is the growing importance of IEEE access - Wi-Fi in LTE Advanced (LTE-A) and beyond network deployments.