Effect of atmosphere on free-space optical communication networks for border patrol

Free-space optics (FSO) communication links for relaying video from cameras are investigated in relation to atmospheric attenuation. Through MODTRAN-based modeling of transmission bands across the NIR to MWIR (1.5-4.2 mu m) portion of the infrared spectrum in atmospheric conditions including clear maritime, desert extinction, and various levels of rain and fog, we seek to identify which wavelength ranges are the most practical for minimizing transmission losses in both ideal and unfavorable conditions. Atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are investigated for various FSO configurations and atmospheric conditions to determine incident beam power required for successful data transmission in view of a 2 km FSO link at various path elevation angles from the horizon. In addition, FSO transmitter and receiver circuits were designed to optically relay an analog video signal at IR wavelengths. Using advanced tunable laser sources to provide illumination across wavelength ranges from visible to mid-wave infrared, it should be possible to overcome transmission limitations associated with adverse weather and atmospheric conditions for communication networks to benefit border protection.