Basing on the activated sludge model 1, the activated sludge model which is applicable for papermaking wastewater was established by reasonably simplifying. The components, stoichiometric parameters and kinetic parameters in the model were measured, the simulated model of papermaking wastewater SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process) treatment process was built by MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation results proved that the model was correct. Basing on the developed simulated model, the traditional PID controller and adaptive neural network PID controller were applied for the control of the dissolved oxygen concentration in activated sludge process, and achieved good results.