Development of polypropylene/brazilian bentonite clay nanocomposites:: I treatment of clay and the influence of the compatibilizers on the mechanical properties

In this work, polypropylene/bentonite and polypropylene/compatibilizer/bentonite nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation method, using a counter-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder attached to a Haake System 90 Rheometer. Initially the natural bentonite clay, from Boa Vista - PB, was subjected to a purification process and then treated with sodium carbonate. Further, it was treated with ammonium quaternary salt to obtain an organoclay. The clays were characterized, according to granulometric, by laser diffraction, chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy - FTIR, and X ray diffraction - XRD. The granulometric and chemical analysis results showed that the purification process was effective for removing the coarse fractions and eliminating some accessory minerals. FTIR and XRD results showed that the ammonium quaternary salt was incorporated to the clay, confirming the organophilization. In the subsequent stage of this work, the bentonite organoclay was incorporated to both polypropylene (PP) and PP/compatibilizer (PPgAA and PPgMA are polypropylenes grafting acrylic acid and maleic anhydride, respectively). The formation of nanocomposites as well as the properties of PP/ORG (ORG - organoclay) and PP/compatibilizer/ORG mixtures were analyzed by XRD, MET and mechanical properties. XRD and MET results showed that the formation of interlayer/flocculated nanocomposites has occurred for PP/compatibilizer/ORG systems. The mechanical properties results showed that some mechanical properties (final elongation and toughness) have been considerably improved.