Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm treated with a stent-graft

Purpose: To report a rare case of mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm successfully treated with an endovascular stent-graft. Case Report: A 79-year-old man with a history of tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital complaining of worsening hoarseness. Examination revealed a large mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm located near the origin of the artery. Since neither surgical intervention nor transcatheter embolization was feasible, an endovascular stent-graft repair was performed using a newly developed stent-graft constructed from a nitinol stent and a thin membrane of polyester. Postprocedural angiography showed satisfactory exclusion of the aneurysm. The patient made an uneventful recovery. The 18-month computed tomographic scan documented continued exclusion of the aneurysm, with no evidence of endoleak, graft thrombosis, or migration. Conclusions: When conventional procedures are too complicated for bronchial artery aneurysms, endovascular stent-graft repair can be a useful approach.