Pediatric Difficult Airway Response Team Utilization in the Emergency Department A Case Series

Objectives A multidisciplinary pediatric difficult airway team was created at our institution to respond to hospital-wide airway emergencies. We report the characteristics, indications, and outcomes of these activations that occur in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort study comprised all difficult airway team activations occurring in the PED from the program's inception in 2008 to 2018. Ages of <= 18 years were included. For each case, detailed information was abstracted, including patient factors, PED context and milieu, airway interventions, and airway outcomes. Results There were 15 difficult airway response team activations in the PED during the study period, or 1.4 activations per year. The most common indications for activation were contaminated airways (n = 7; 47%) and history of difficult intubation (n = 4; 27%). Definitive airway management was successful in all cases, except for a single case where intervention was unnecessary. The most commonly performed definitive airway intervention was direct laryngoscopy (n = 6; 40%). There were no instances of emergency front-of-neck access. Conclusions Difficult airways in the PED were uncommon. Most cases were resolved with familiar equipment including direct laryngoscopy, video laryngoscopy, and supraglottic airways.