Perception of risk factors at work associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in dental students of Melaka, Malaysia: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Dental professionals have been reported to be constantly exposed to work-related musculoskeletal disorders with symptoms often started as early as the student phase. Risk perception may play an important role in modifying risk at work. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of gender, academic level, and the presence of painful symptoms on the perception of risk factors at work contributing to musculoskeletal symptoms among dental students of Melaka, Malaysia. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 183 clinical year dental students based on a convenience sample. The data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Job Factor Questionnaire for assessment of musculoskeletal symptoms and risk factors at work respectively. Study data were evaluated using percentage, median, Cochran's Q test, Bonferroni correction, multiple linear regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U Test. The analysis was interpreted considering a 95 % confidence interval and significant level at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Dental students reported a high prevalence (86.9%) of musculoskeletal symptoms mostly affected the neck, shoulder, lower and upper back body regions. No significant difference in perception was found with the gender. A significant (P < 0.05) higher perception was observed in fourth-year students. The presence of painful symptoms was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with working in the same position, prolonged duration of work and use of tools. CONCLUSIONS: Priority in implementing ergonomic education throughout the training in the dental schools should be considered to improve perception and reduce musculoskeletal disorders associated with the dental profession.