SOIL DENSITY, AGGREGATION AND CARBON FRACTIONS OF AN ALFISOL UNDER NATURAL PASTURE AND DIFFERENT HERBAGE ALLOWANCE

The adjustment of animal quantity according to the herbage allowance is fundamental to the sustainability of natural pastures. The management of herbage allowance, besides affecting the plant species that compose the pasture, can also compromise soil properties, such as density and aggregation. This study aimed to evaluate the soil bulk density, weighted mean diameter of soil aggregates and carbon fractions under natural pasture, under varying grazing intensities for 22 years, represented by herbage allowance levels of 4, 8, 12, and 16 kg dry matter per 100 kg animal weight. Two ungrazed areas were included as references. Changes in soil properties were found, related to the grazing intensity. These changes occurred mainly in the soil surface layer (0-10 cm), where soil density increased with decreasing herbage allowance. The behavior of the weighted mean diameter of soil aggregates and the root mass in the layer 0 - 10 cm were inversely proportional to the herbage allowance. The carbon storage index indicated that under forage supplies of 12 % the soil C stock increased compared to the control, but decreased at other allowance rates. The index of carbon management shows that the highest herbage allowance (12 and 16 %) improved the system quality of natural pasture, while at the lowest allowance rate (4 %) the system lost quality and sustainability, as demonstrated by the substantial reduction of this index.