Cancer registration in Basrah 2005: Preliminary results

Cancer is a disease which shows significant variation with time and across geographical entities. In Basrah, Iraq, despite the widespread impression that cancer is increasing, researchers are not yet able to draw clear boundaries as to the extent of cancer and its determinants. In this paper, we make a start in that direction; the aim was to measure as accurately as possible the incidence of cancer (all types) in Basrah, to assess age specific incidence rates and to map the cases across different areas of the governorate. For this purpose we compiled data on every accessible case of cancer. The cancer registry in Basrah was used as the prime source of data on newly diagnosed cancer cases, supported by three other sources: the Cancer Registration Section at the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah; the Oncology Centre at Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital; and the Oncology Ward in Basrah Maternity and Child Hospital. Other minor sources were also utilized. Information on cases from these sources was subjected to meticulous verification regarding repetition, place of residence and other potential errors. The overall incidence rate was 74.3/100 000 population with a higher rate for females (80.5/100 000) than for males (68.1/100 000). The results indicate clear increase in registered cancer cases with increasing age. The lowest incidence rate was among females aged 5-44 years (10.5/100 000) and the highest was among males aged 65 years and above (660.2/100 000). The results show no major variation in the annual incidence rates of cancer in different areas of Basrah governorate. This finding may suggest a common exposure to cancer risk factors. To reach sound conclusions about extent and determinants of cancer in Basrah, immense multi-spectrum efforts are now needed.