Pattern of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Objective: To study the cytogenetic profile of newly diagnosed patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Design: Prospective case control study Setting: Tertiary care hospital in India Subjects: Newly diagnosed patients with pediatric ALL Interventions: Karyotype analysis of bone marrow aspirate samples by routine G-Banding technique and analysis as per International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN), 2005 criteria. Main Outcome Measures: Cytogenetic parameters Results: The study included 23 male and eight female patients (M:F = 2.8:1). ALL-L2 was the most common morphological phenotype (18 / 31, 58%). Sixteen out of thirty one (51.6%) patients were hypodiploid (2n < 46), 10 / 31(32.0%) hyperdiploid (2n > 46) and 5 / 31(16.0%) aneuploid. Among hypodiploid groups, nine (29.0%) had modal chromosome number as 40-45, five (16.0%) as 31-39 and two (6.5%) as 25-30. Among hyperdiploid group, 7 (22.5%) had modal chromosome number as 51-60 followed by 2n = 47-50 (three patients, 6.5%). The chromosomes (Chr) 2, 10, 12,15,17,19 were commonly deleted in hypodiploid cell lines whereas gain of Chr 4, 8, 10,14 and 20 were observed in hyperdiploid group. Translocation t (10;14), t (9;22), t (2;22), t (8;22) and t (4;11) were seen in 04 (12.8%), 03 (9.6%), 02 (6.4%each) and one patient (3.2%) respectively. Conclusion: Adverse cytogenetic parameters such as hypodiploidy and translocations such as t (10;14), t (9;22), t (2;22), t (8;22) and t (4;11) were more common in our cohort of patients.